Chapter 18
Thesis: This chapter covers the six basic methods and tactics of data recording and collection in the form of structured observation.
1. Structured observation, observation made with trained observers under very specific conditions to the specific research. "In addition, it is the most obstructive data collection method that can be used in social work research situations" (Grinnell 374).
2. "The method chosen must be consistent with the characteristics of the target problem being observed" (Grinnell 374). We have to do this to be sure we get good data from our tests and observations in our research. 
3. The selection of the observer is just as impotent as the method to getting good data in your research. "Observer reliability it analogous to the test-retest and alternate-forms methods of establishing reliability of measuring instruments discussed in Chapter 13" (Grinnell 384). Reliability is key to having a useful research study.

Chapter 19
Thesis: Talks about the most important things that have to be in mind when interviewing for social work.
1. "The advantages of interviewing as a data-collection method are related primarily to naturalness and spontaneity, flexibility, and control of the environment" (Grinnell 390). Being able to react to a persons response is incredibly useful in data collection as it allows you to ask questions you might not have had at the start.
2. It is not all positives though their are disadvantages and limitations to using this method. For example if the person in question does not have an accurate response "Perhaps the most odvious limitation of interview research is its high cost and considerable amount of time involved" (Grinnell 391).
3. The location of the interview is also impotent to consider though not always possible to change. "However, if the interviewer has a choice, the advantages and disadvantages of the most common settings should be considered" (Grinnell 407).

Chapter 20

Thesis: Talks about the uses and benefits of survives for gather large amounts of data quickly. 

1. "Servery research involves the collection of information from a sample of individuals though their responses to questions" (Grinnell 416). This method is vital to our understanding of social work and research as a whole due to how wide spread it has become.
2. One of the biggest benefits to serveries is how efficient they are at collecting large amounts of data quickly. "Surveys also are efficient because many variables can be measured without substantially increasing the time or cost" (Grinnell 417).
3. "Questions are the centerpiece of survey research" (Grinnell 419). Honestly this should go without saying as a survey is entirely made up of questions. This means that what questions used must be carefully considered when constructing a survey.

Chapter 21
Thesis: Covers secondary analysis as a method of collecting data that already exists and how to use it.
1. It is sometime not cost effective for a studies to conduct entirely new research. "we have the alternative of using data that have already been collected" (Grinnell 458). It is then up to the person doing the study to make it fit with what they are trying to say.
2. We can't always use previous research as our data as going though data can create mistakes in the final product. "There are a number of methodological issues in the analysis of data that have been previously collected" (Grinnell 463).
3. If there is an error this can call into question the validity of your research study. "There are inconsistencies in how respondents interpret the meaning of questions or response categories on measuring instruments" (Grinnell 464).

Chapter 22
Thesis: This chapter is about Quantitative content analysis and how it acts as a versatile method for collecting data.

1. "An example of how content analyses are used to make inferences about the sources of communications is analysis of the content of messages in an effort to understand the motives, values, or intentions of those who wrote them" (Grinnell 474). We have to look at all of the different ways to analyze content we we obtain when conducting research experiments.

2. "Like all data collection and utilization methods considered in Part VII of this text, Quantitative content analysis has its advantages and disadvantages" (Grinnell 477). No system if perfect as if there was such a thing then it would be the one always used.
3. "In either case, our presence may affect the outcome" (Grinnell 478). It is should always be practice to remove as many variables as possible for a test as to get the best data.

Chapter 24
Thesis: covers the impotent of the selection of the proper method for your research studies 

1.  "All phases of the research process must be considered if we hope to come up with the best strategy to gather the most relevant, reliable, and valid data to answer a research question or test a hypothesis" (Grinnell 494). We can't look at only one part of a study and know that it is good. We have to look at all of the parts together in order to know it works.

2. We must use the knowledge we have to select the best method for our study. "At this point, we should have a sense of what the ideal data collection method and data source should be" (Grinnell 497).
3. When conducting a study it is better to be proactive the reactive"The data collection phase of a research study can go smoothly if we are proactive" If we only react then it can be to late to get the information we need.

Question: How long should you wait to select a method to make sure you get the best one possible?